Om det ottomanska rikets tidigare historia och nedgång i den turkiska makten, se också William Miller, The Ottoman Enpire and Its Successors 1801-1927 (Cambridge, England: University Press 1936); George G. S. L. Eversley, The Turkish Empire From 1288 to 1914 (London: T. Fisher Unwin, Ltd., 2d ed. 1923); Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall. Geschichte des Osmannischen Reiches (Pest: C. A. Hartleben, 2d ed., 1834-1836), 4 band; Herbert A. Gibbons, Foundation of the Ottoman Empire. 1300-1403 (Oxford: University Press, 1916); Arnold J. Toynbee and Kenneth B. Kirkwood, Turkey (London 1926).